Libmonster ID: SE-509
Author(s) of the publication: V. O. MAKSIMOV

Anishchenko, Onishchenko. An interesting question about the" nationality "of this surname was asked by a Muscovite who considers himself Russian:" As far as I understand, the Ukrainian surname sounds different - Onishchenko?"

Surnames ending in-1, indeed, are not only Ukrainian. And the familiar Russian name Anisim, from which this surname is formed, is pronounced in Ukrainian dialects as Onisim. But its canonical ecclesiastical spelling is also Onesimus. Folk forms of this name are different: in Ukrainian - Onishko, Onishko; in Belarusian and most Russian - Aniska, Aniskaand Anishka. Therefore, it is not linguists who should speak about the national origin of the surname Anishchenko, but the bearers of the surname themselves (who they consider themselves to be) or archivists (based on genealogical searches, it is quite possible to establish where the ancestor came from). Anishchenka (this is how this surname is inclined in the Ukrainian language) live today in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Only in Belarusian it is written-Anishchenka (Ashchenka), in literary Ukrainian - Onishchenko. In Russian - and Anishchenko, and Onishchenko: the choice of "owners".

Britanov, Britan. Owners of such a "British" surname do not necessarily need to search for their ancestors and distant relatives in the UK. Briton is quite a traditional folk form of a rare church name in Britain, meaning "Briton". In modern saints, this name is no longer present, but in the old ones, for example, Britannia Tomsky, who lived in the IV century, was mentioned. However, it is possible that the appearance of their last name is due to its owners not to the church name of the ancestor, but to his personal nickname. The British in Ukraine in the old days called the Great Dane dog, which, as you know, was bred in Britain. Hence the humorous nickname Briton, which was given to a man of great stature. According to the testimony of Ukrainian dialectologists, this nickname existed even in the XIX century.

Vistoropskikh, Vistoropsky, Vystoropskikh, Vystoropsky. Surnames ending in-their or-s are traditionally considered northern or Siberian. Although also in some other regions of Russia

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they are very common, and in very well-defined territories. The reasons for this can be found in detail in the book by V. A. Nikonov "Geography of family names". Therefore, the fact that the Vistoropsky family lives in Yekaterinburg did not surprise us. This surname is derived from the name Vistoropsky, i.e. "a native of Vistoro-a". There are, by the way, the surnames Vystoropsky and Vystoropskikh, apparently reflecting the Russian spelling of the same surname. Currently, the village of Vistorop is preserved only in the Sumy region of Ukraine, and in the Ukrainian language it is pronounced as y.

Dervoedov, Derevoedov, Dervoed, Derevoed. In the old days, there was also such an unusual worldly name as Woodworm. In some dialects, this name was pronounced as Drevoed (the name has been preserved in modern literary Russian) and as Dervoed. Most likely, the pronunciation of this name in the form of Dervoed was typical of Western dialects. The existence of a "Western" variant, i.e. a suffix - free surname-Dervoed, also reminds us of this. But where is the true "nest" of Dervoedovs, and the word dervoed itself, we do not yet know. There are Dervoedovs in Belarus, Pskov, Tver and Rostov-on-Don, and even in Chelyabinsk and Krasnoyarsk. The presence of the suffixless surname Dervoed suggests "Western", i.e. Belarusian-Ukrainian origin. N. M. Tulikov's Dictionary mentions: in 1587 - Mishko Derevoed, a peasant (in the western lands); in 1635 - Mikola Grigoryevich Derevoed, a resident of Minsk. Ancient documents probably reflect the idea of writing this name by Russian scribes. The Belarusians themselves pronounced the nickname Dervoed, of course, as Dervoed, or rather Dervaed. But the letter e after p may not have been spelled out by chance. Therefore, the question of the small homeland of this surname is still open. Perhaps it will be only one of the regions of eastern Ukraine or western Russia.

Gorov, Gorovoy, Gorovskaya. Not everyone will guess that this surname is based on the nickname Gorovaya. The word gorovoy is found in the Don, Smolensk and Perm dialects even in the XX century with the meanings: "sublime, high (about the area)"; and on the Don also "coming from the upper reaches of the Don" (for example, gorovoy wind - "wind from the upper reaches of the Don"). Therefore, the nickname Gorovaya or Gorovskaya could be obtained by a native of a village or farm named Gorovaya, Gorovoe, Gorovoy, i.e. located on an elevated place,or from any village located in the upper reaches of the Don. It is in the upper reaches of the Don that the village of Gorovoye (in the Belgorod region) has also been preserved.

Izrantsevy Izrantsev. - natives of the Ryazan region. The surname is rare. You can fantasize. For example, Izranets - " wounded

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a person." Or Izranets - " a son born early in the morning." But still, the connection with the name of the village seems more likely. For example, in the Kirov region, there is a locality called Lugovoy Izran. If there is Lugovoy, then we can assume that there were other Izrans, natives of which were called Izrans according to the Russian tradition. It would be interesting to know where the Izrantsevs still live. And what they know about their ancestors.

Kerensky, Kerentsev. Many modern teenagers can not always definitively answer the question " who is Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky?". One of the young "historians" confidently stated that " judging by the name-a Pole." That's not so. The same Kerensky was chairman of the Provisional Government of Russia from March to November 1917. He was born in 1881 in the village of Kerenka (now in the Moksha district of the Penza region). And this surname is exclusively Russian. Moreover, we have in Russia not only Kerenskys, but also Kerentsevs. And, probably, all of them come from the former Kerensky district of the Penza province or from the city of Kerensk itself. The town of Kerensk was founded in 1658 as a prison in the system of the defensive line of the Russian state and was originally called Kerensky Ostrog (after the Kere River, or Kerenka). This town was a military border town. Perhaps that is why he gave Russia a lot of Kerensky and Kerentsevs: many Kerentsevs left their lands during periods of hard times. And an indication of the former place of military service and a completely peaceful, perhaps peasant "postscript" of the ancestor very often became the basis of the family nickname of his descendants.

Kozheurov. By origin, the surname is Pskov-Novgorod. Kozheur in the old days here was called an employee of a fishing artel engaged in ice fishing on Lake Ilmen. To do this, he wore a leather apron over his usual clothes: hence the unusual nickname.

Kostoglodov, Kostoglod. In the old days, a miserly person could be called a Miser or a Miser, and also "reward" with the nickname - Bonecrusher: so stingy that there is no other way to say it. However, today's owners of this surname can be people of extraordinary generosity: not all the qualities of the ancestor are inherited by descendants. In addition, the Bonecrusher is also "the owner of a heavy character." This nickname was popular in Ukrainian, Belarusian and Western Russian dialects. For example, in 1649, the "Register of the Zaporozhye Army" mentions: Klim Kostoglod, a Cossack of the Mirgorod regiment and Vasko Kostoglod, a Cossack of the Poltava regiment. Even in the second half of the XX century, this nickname still existed in Smolensk dialects.

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Listrovoy, Lestrovoy. These rare surnames have Zaporozhye roots. As you know, the number and composition of Cossack regiments of the Zaporozhye army was regulated by special Registers. All those not included in the Register were not considered Cossacks by the rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (and later Russia). However, in different periods, the number of Cossack troops increased, and very significantly. Registers had to be rewritten and negotiated (not always by peaceful means) With the central authorities. Therefore, the Cossacks valued their belonging to the "Register".

In the" History of Ukraine-Rus", the historian M. S. Hrushevsky cites two interesting texts-tales that tell about the election of a successor to Bohdan Khmelnitsky:

She squints, zaklopochetsya Khmelnitsky's old head
Що при йому ні сотників ні полковників нема;
Тільки пробував при йому Іван Логовський (Выговский),
Писар військовий, козак лейстровий.
And the Cossacks responded to various proposals of candidates:

"Не треба нам Антона Волочая київського
Ні Грицька Костиря миргородського
Ні Филона Чичая кропивянського
Ні Мартина Пушкаря полтавського
What do you want mi sina tvogo Yurusya molodogo
Kozak lestrov!"
Thus, the unusual word registry was changed by the Cossacks in their own way, first to leystrovy, and then to lestrovy or lestrovy. By the way, it was during the time of Bohdan Khmelnitsky (1649) that Yatsko Lestrovy, a Cossack of the Pereyaslavsky regiment, was mentioned in the "Register of the Zaporozhye Army".

It would seem strange and the very appearance of the nickname Lestrovy among the Zaporozhye Cossacks at a time when all his fellow soldiers should have been legally the same lestrovy. But if we recall that it was during this period that the ranks of the Zaporozhtzi, which were significantly reduced after many battles with the Poles at the beginning of the XVII century, were replenished with a large number of peasants who fled from their Catholic masters from Right-bank Ukraine, Volhynia and Podillia, then the rarity of "honored" registered Cossacks among them ceases to surprise.

Likhosherstov, Likhosherst. The name-nickname Likhoshurst or Likhoshersty in the old days literally meant "angry dog". The owner of such a nickname, without a doubt, had a very complex character. But in more ancient times, parents could also give such a name to a newborn baby - in order to scare away not only evil forces, but also very real detractors. For example, in the charter of the second half of the XV century, Ivan Yuryevich Likhosherst Moshnin, a resident of Moscow, is mentioned.

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In the Zaporozhye Army in 1649-Garasim Likhosherstyy, a Cossack of the Chigirinsky regiment.

Oblivantsev. In some Russian dialects in the old days, Oblivans were called Old Believers. This name arose because of the difference in the rite of baptism. Unlike the official Orthodox Church, some groups of Old Believers did not immerse the child in water at the time of baptism, but doused it with it. This name was distributed mainly in the northern and eastern Russian dialects (Russian North, Volga Region, Ural), as well as in some western ones, for example, in Smolensk. In addition, Catholics were also called Oblivans: in the XVIII-XIX centuries, many people from the lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, i.e. Ukraine, Belarus and Poland, lived on the territory of Russia. The appearance of the nickname oblivanets in the south of Russia is also interesting. In Kuban, where the population was made up of Russians and Ukrainians, Oblivans were usually called Malorossians (Ukrainians). All of them were Orthodox, so, most likely, the appearance of this nickname is not due to differences in ritual services, but simply as a reminder that Ukrainians come from lands that were previously dependent on Catholic Poland.

V. V. Sheremetevsky and Yu. A. Fedosyuk in their works described how the surname Pomerantsev originated in theological seminaries. It is formed from the name of an exotic wild citrus fruit, bitter orange-pomeranian. But there is another source of this surname. The nickname Pomeranian, from which, in fact, this surname is formed, in some cases indicates the fact that its owner came to a new place of residence from Pomerania, a historical region on the Baltic Sea. This name originated in Latin as a result of a change in the original Slavic name - Pomorie. Later, the Eastern Slavs "adopted" this name and began to call people from these lands accordingly. This is supported by the existence of the surname Pomeranets, which retained the original sound of the nickname.

Pyatibratov, Pyatibratov. The person named Pyatibrat was most likely a member of a large family. But do not take such names-nicknames (Pyatibrat, Semibrat ) literally. The numeral five, like seven, which is more common in names and nicknames, most likely simply indicated a large number of children in the family, i.e. it had a generalizing meaning - "a lot". By the way, the name Pyatibrat could have been given to the newborn as a wish: let, they say, there will be many more sons in our family. There was a name Pyatibrat in various Russian lands. For example, Dmitry Ovdiev, the son of Pyatibratov, Solikamsk, is recorded in the charter of 1606

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Posadsky district. This name was also found in the western lands. The existence of the surname Pyatibrat reminds us of this. And the surname Pyatibratov is also found on the Don today, for example, in the villages of Kundryuchenskaya and Ust-Bystryanskaya (Shchetinin L. M. Names and titles).

Chmilev, Chmil. Representatives of this "incomprehensible" surname now live in Siberia, but have namesakes in Ukraine. The "modern" Russian bumblebee was called differently: Bukhara, bukhar, strok, stroka, buchen, medovik, shersten, zhigun, zhmil, jmil, chmil and chmel. From them came the Russian surnames Shmelev, Chmelev, Bukharin, Bukharev, Bukharov, Strokov, Strokin, Buchnev, Medovikov, Sherstnev and Zhigunov. From the fact that currently the" related " surname Chmil (Chmil) is found in Donetsk, but most of all in Zhytomyr, Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions (very remote from Russian lands), it can be assumed that the owners of the surname Chmilev are still descendants of right-bank Ukrainians who at different times moved to Little Russia or Ukraine. Russia.

To be continued

If you would like to ask a question or suggest additions to the materials published in this section, please use the editorial office's address and email address: dialog@familii.ru (send letters marked "Explanatory Dictionary of Russian surnames") or visit the website of the History of Surnames Research Center : www.familii.ru


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V. O. MAKSIMOV, EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN SURNAMES // Stockholm: Swedish Digital Library (LIBRARY.SE). Updated: 25.07.2024. URL: https://library.se/m/articles/view/EXPLANATORY-DICTIONARY-OF-RUSSIAN-SURNAMES (date of access: 03.11.2024).

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