Libmonster ID: SE-519
Author(s) of the publication: O. V. Nikitin

There are seemingly insignificant episodes in the history of philology that rarely attract the attention of modern researchers. Meanwhile, such "fragments" sometimes reveal events and circumstances unknown to the general scientific community of the relationship between Russian scientists and their compatriots, who became "non-returnees" due to the tragic days of the revolution and persecution, but lived with the hope of returning to Russia, love for their native country and a great desire to communicate with people close in spirit.

One of these courageous scientists was Roman Osipovich Yakobson (1896-1982). Fate separated him from the friends of his youth for many years, and only from the mid-1950s could he freely return to his homeland, where he had not been for almost 40 years.

The works and archives of P. O. Jacobson (both domestic and foreign) have repeatedly become the subject of close attention of researchers, monographs have been written about the scientist, a bibliography of his works has been compiled, etc. Nevertheless, we believe that every discovery, even if it is as insignificant as a few letters, will help readers better understand the world of ideas and hobbies of this undoubtedly talented philologist and big man.

In the proposed selection, it is precisely the" humanistic " aspect of his epistolary heritage that is important for us, because it reveals the very essence of his personality, his attitude to people and, above all, his willingness to help a friend, colleague, or just an acquaintance with a letter, advice, or a real man's act. And P. O. Jacobson did it "without any stretch", without straining and as if obliging himself (after all, he still lived in better conditions), but in a brotherly, sympathetic way.

Roman Osipovich Yakobson has a special epistolary style. And its tone largely depends on the addressee. P. G. Bogatyrev, a well-known Russian ethnologist and folklorist, who had known P. O. Jacobson from a young age and often communicated with him during a business trip to the Slavic states in the 1920s, was closest to him in written communication, as well as in friendship. Many things connected him with both G. O. Vinokur and A. A. Reformatsky, and frequent meetings at congresses with V. V. Vinogradov also contributed to the expansion of his scientific ties. We think that we can name many more names with whom P. O. Jacobson maintained contacts. But still if with V. V. Vinogradov it is more about-

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If he had spoken to an official, the head of Soviet philology at that time, and was rather brief in his messages to him, but, as always, correct and attentive, then the correspondence with P. G. Bogatyrev and with his son Konstantin Petrovich was different-lively, ironic, where much could be discussed, shared intimate, "poured out the soul."..

For Konstantin Petrovich Bogatyrev, P. O. Yakobson felt not just "fatherly" feelings, even allowing himself to raise him, but something more. He also knew about the fate of K. P. Bogatyrev, perhaps the saddest and most tragic of those that happened in the "quiet" post-war years and much later. They say that in his declining years, Roman Osipovich wanted to return to Russia forever and finish his earthly circle here, even considered the prospects..., but the tragically ended life of the young and talented son of his closest friend, perhaps, stopped him. Despite the "new" times, the old order of extermination of people was still in effect and hardly disappeared after. This is also why small fragments of P. O. Yakobson's correspondence found in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences are significant for us as "fragments of memory" about one of the most gifted researchers and poets - Konstantin Petrovich Bogatyrev.

We would also like to draw your attention to P. O. Yakobson's letter to N. M. Malysheva, V. V. Vinogradov's wife and long-time devoted assistant in correspondence, which always filled her with a special, feminine, touching charm. Many of her letters and postcards were self-made, with carefully cut out and pasted on paper decorations, drawings, which gave a unique grace to each such message. P. O. Yakobson, as can be seen from the letter, knew about the health problems of V. V. Vinogradov and vividly responded to the request to help find a cure.

And the last thing I would like to note in the introduction. This is an echo of the memorable anniversary congress "100 years of P. O. Jacobson", held in 1996 at the Russian State University for the Humanities. In his closing speech, V. N. Toporov said that we have a duty to Yakobson (first of all, of course, a moral and research one). "I fear," he continued, " that in the Jacobsonian euphoria we will forget the people who knew him. The most urgent task is to restore the biography of Yakobson from the Moscow period." This, we believe, can also be attributed to the" second " Moscow period (the first-before leaving for the revolutionary years), the specific episodes of which still remain unknown. Only a few recent publications, especially "Cahiers Roman Jakobson, 1", published by the University of Michigan in 1994, confirm the thesis that it is necessary to search and study the heritage of world science again and again.

The message texts are reproduced while preserving the author's word usage and style. In some cases, punctuation is brought in line with modern standards.

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P. O. Yakobson to K. P. Bogatyrev

Roman Yakobson

October 6, 1956

Dear Kostya,

Many thanks for the letters, for Rilke's excellent translation, and for the verses in the Banner (1) that made me very happy. I remember the author very much and bow down cordially.

Further volumes of Rilke have not yet been published. When they show up, I'll get them and send them to you. Now I'll try to get hold of those other books you're writing about. Records purchased: Gershwin's "Porgy and Bess", Armstrong's new jazz, and two Stravinsky records - " Sacred Spring "for you, and another" Soldier's Story " for Tamara. Their packaging and sending is quite a complex thing. I will do this one of these days through the university library at the same time as sending to the Mayakovsky Museum the records spoken by Mayakovsky and technically improved here, as well as Mayakovsky's poems recorded here on records from my reading.

I definitely need to know the number of gramophone needles you need. Then I'll send it. Or I'll bring them back with the ties. I am very much looking forward to Pasternak's new book and the New World(2). If you can, please order and send me a map of the peoples of the USSR, published in Minsk in 1955-56. By the Ethnographic Institute named after V. I. Shishkin. Miklukho-Maklay (3), as well as Scientific Notes of the Leningrad Herzen Pedagogical Institute, vol. 80, Department of Russian Language, 1949. (Filin. Vocabulary of the Russian literary language of the Ancient Kievan era). If it is difficult to get it, it is best to pass on my request to V. I. Borkovsky. Please write down how Ovadiy is doing(4). I will tell him that I and my ailing old friend would be very happy to hear about his health. If he's too lazy to write, let him write me a postcard.

I enclose a bibliography for Peter to accompany my course on epics, and I am very much looking forward to hearing from him about his science and Sonya(5).

I am very glad that you are interested in university studies. And I'm up to my neck with the university and paying off my many literary obligations. I handed Likhachev a large article about the Word about Igor's Regiment with a bibliography and my own translation of the Word for the Works of the Department of Ancient Russian Literature(6). And now I'm working for a Literary legacy(7).

I hug all three of them.

Your

Novel

Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. F. 1651. On. I. Ed. hr. N441. L. 1. Authorized typescript.

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P. O. Yakobson - H. M. Malysheva

7. HP. 62

Dear Nadezhda Matveevna,

the device for injecting insulin will be handed over to you in a few days and with needles. Although Edgerton has written to you that such a device does not exist, the invention has just been put into operation in the general hospital here in Boston, so I was fortunately able to procure it.

As for the diabetin that Viktor Vladimirovich told me about in Moscow, I gave it back in October to the daughter of a French friend of mine, and I hope you have already received it. Please confirm and let us know if you want to send a new dose of the same medicine.

With heartfelt pre-holiday wishes of health, well-being and all sorts of joys to both of you.

Dedicated to you Roman Jacobson.

Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. F. 1602. On. 1. Ed. hr. N 556. Autograph.

P. O. Yakobson - T. Y. and K. P. Bogatyrev

4.XI.72

My heartfelt greetings to You and Kostya. Very often we think about you and hope to see you again. My article on Peter (9) will be published in the Parisian anthropological journal L'Homme in 1973. I feel His absence, and not only I, more and more painful and painful. As usual, I work tirelessly on manuscripts, proofs, lectures, and new ideas. I give you a big hug. Write to the usual address.

Your and your Novel.

Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. F. 1651. On. 1. Ed. hr. N 442. An autograph.

Notes:

1 Konstantin Petrovich Bogatyrev (1925-1976), son of P. G. Bogatyrev, poet-translator, is widely known as the author of translations by P. M. Rilke. P. O. Yakobson refers to the publication of poems by B. L. Pasternak in the Znamya magazine, No. 9, 1956. It contains Boris Pasternak's New Lines, a series of poetic miniatures.: "I want to get to the bottom of everything...", "Eva", "Untitled", "Spring in the Forest", "Summer"," Autumn Day"," First Snow","Be famous". P. O. Yakobson also mentions these verses in his letter to P. G. Bogatyrev dated July 11, 1956 (Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Fund 1651, inventory 1, ed. hr. N 438, l. 2 vol.; see also the publication of this letter: Robinson M. A., Dostal M. Yu.-

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piska P. O. Yakobsona i P. G. Bogatyreva [peep of P. O. Yakobson and P. G. Bogatyreva]. 1994. N 4. P. 73).

2 P. O. Jacobson is referring to the 2nd volume of Doctor Zhivago by B. L. Pasternak. Novy Mir publishes Pasternak's poem "Bread" in its 1956 issue No. 10.

3 Probably, the author mistakenly indicated the Ethnographic Institute named after the author. Miklukho-Maklaya in Minsk (presumably in Moscow). It was during these years that the Institute of Ethnography named after him. Miklukho-Maklaya Academy of Sciences of the USSR issues ethnographic maps of the peoples of the USSR. Among them are well-known publications:

Map of the peoples of the USSR. Textbook, for wednesdays. school. Comp. Institute of Ethnography. Miklukho-Maklaya of the USSR Academy of Sciences together with the scientific editor. a map post. part of the GUGK in 1951 and ispr. in 1955 / Heads of works: Doctor of Historical Sciences P. I. Kushner, P. E. Terletsky. Edited by I. A. Balantseva, Moscow: GUGK Publ., 1956. The same map was published in 1955 in Moscow in Ukrainian and Russian. Perhaps these are the maps that P. O. Jacobson has in mind.

4 Ovadiy - this is how P. O. Yakobson ironically and affectionately called his close friend and colleague in science P. G. Bogatyrev (1893-1971).

5 S. I. Bogatyreva-literary critic, first wife of K. P. Bogatyreva.

6 See: Yakobson P. O. Izuchenie "Slova o polku Igorev" v United States of America [The study of the "Words about Igor's Regiment" in the United States of America]. Trudy Upravleniya drevnerusskoi literatury In-ta russkoi literatury (Pushkinskogo Doma), Vol. XIV, Moscow, 1958, pp. 102-121.

7 P. O. Yakobson was preparing materials about Mayakovsky for the forthcoming volume of The Literary Legacy, which was never to see the light of day. As M. A. Robinson and M. Y. Dostal write (Slavonic studies. 1994. N 4. P. 74), "in the series" Lit. inheritance " it was supposed to publish two volumes dedicated to V. V. Mayakovsky, but only the first volume was published. Printing of the second volume was prohibited by a decision of high authorities...".

8 Edgerton William, Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at Indiana University in Bloomington (USA). Academician V. V. Vinogradov personally knew the scientist from the time of the IV International Congress of Slavists, held in Moscow in 1958. In the 1960s, he returned to Moscow to collect materials about Leskov. His letter to N. M. Malysheva dated December 23, 1962, mentioned by P. O. Yakobson, is available in the personal fund of V. V. Vinogradov (f. 1602) in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Here is its text (typewritten autograph in Russian, the last word "V."). Edgerton" handwritten in black ink):

Dear Nadezhda Matveevna,

As soon as I received your letter of November 13, I immediately called my doctor. Unfortunately, such a box for automatic injections of insulin is completely unknown to him. He thinks maybe,

page 69

You have heard about such a huge device that is used in the army to give soldiers mass injections against various diseases. I asked him about everything related to diabetes and its treatment. He told me that there was still no cure that could finally cure diabetics. His diabetic patients simply inject themselves in the usual way, either in the arm or in the thigh. He volunteered to find me photographs of such simple devices used by his patients. When I get them, I'll send them to you. If they are more convenient, I will be happy to get them for you.

By the way, I did not forget to inquire immediately after my return home from Moscow about the anti-diabetes medication that you told me about. But, unfortunately, it can not cure.

Thank you very much for these beautiful postcards with reproductions of paintings from the Hermitage. My wife and I send you and Viktor Vladimirovich our best wishes.

With deep respect

W. Edgerton

9 The article about P. G. Bogatyrev is missing in L'Homme: Revue francaise d'anthropologie for 1973. Volumes XII and XIV for 1972 and 1974 of this edition also do not contain articles by Jacobson. For a memorial note, see: Jakobson R. Petr Bogatyrev (29.1. (18) 93-18. VIII. (19) 71): Expert in transfiguration // Sound, Sign and Meaning: Quinquagenary of the Prague Linguistic Circle, ed. L. Matejka. - Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications, 1976.

page 70

permanent address of the article: https://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/1891460

"...In favor of rural housing construction'
Author: G. I. BAGRYANTSEVA. candidate of philological sciences

Language features of works on agriculture by A. T. Bolotov

The years of the reign of Catherine P, called the "golden age" by the nobility, were expressed in an unprecedented flourishing of public journalism. Various periodicals contributed to the development and improvement of scientific and journalistic styles of the Russian literary language. Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov, according to S. A. Vengerov, "the most prolific Russian writer", scientist, and publicist, made a great contribution to the formation of methods of scientific presentation accessible to the perception of the broad readership of this period.

A. T. Bolotov's publications on agronomy, of which he was the founder in Russia, are particularly revealing in this respect. His articles " Notes on farming in general "(1768) and "On the method of obtaining a certain amount of bread for a rural resident in excess of the usual harvest" (1775) were published in the Proceedings of the Free Economic Society, with which he actively collaborated. The material of the articles allows us to judge A. T. Bolotov's individual-author's style of writing, which can be traced at different levels of the language system.

The subject of this article is the peculiarity of the upot-

page 71

A. T. Bolotov's reflections on morphological means of the Russian literary language of the 60-70s of the XVIII century.

In the field of morphology, Andrey Timofeevich Bolotov, giving preference to language units that are neutral in stylistic coloring, legalized by M. V. Lomonosov for middle-style genres, also used word forms that characterize him as an interesting and original author.

A distinctive feature of A. T. Bolotov's agronomic works is the use of real nouns belonging to three thematic groups: 1) names of plants - buckwheat, oats, millet, wheat, rye, barley; 2) names of food products-bread; 3) names of fertilizers - ash, manure, straw.

The most common nouns are bread (12 times) and manure (7 times), for example: "This is how great a number is lost with us on this one side of the bread that is being born.". and now I will only say that even if there was no manure at all on these lands, then many other means can be found... "(Italics in the quotations of our - G. B.).

As a second feature of the morphological structure of articles on agriculture, we can mention their saturation with complex nouns created on the models of the Church Slavonic language, that is, by adding up the basics. At the same time, in the" Note on farming in general "we noted 23 such words, and in the article" On the method of obtaining a certain amount of bread by a rural resident... " - 11. The most commonly used nouns are: rural housebuilder (11 times), husbandry (11 times), (rural) housebuilder (7 times), agriculture (6 times), husbandman (3 times), the aforementioned (3 times), and multiple (2 times). Some of these words have a terminological meaning, for example: "What an important part agriculture or one's own tilling of grain is in the whole agricultural economy, how much it is necessary and useful for everyone, I consider it superfluous to repeat it."

A large number of complex words-terms are also found in M. V. Lomonosov's scientific publications: the time of equinoctial new moons and full moons, opposite poles, spherical ether (Burdin S. M. The role of M. V. Lomonosov in the creation of natural science terminology in the Russian literary language. Author's abstract of the cand. diss. M., 1952). This feature allows us to speak about the same path of two scientists in creating the language of Russian science.

In the analyzed articles, Bolotov also used complex words with the traditional blago component for prose works of the second half of the XVIII century: prosperous and benevolent. Such adjectives are used by him as epithets that carry a positive assessment of the realities of life that the author described.:

"...of course, I wouldn't have dared to write about that yet, if I hadn't been forced to

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I was also favourably received by my previous economic writings..."; " ... an unquestionable hope that in the current prosperous times..."

The contexts given here are not strictly scientific. They have not so much an informative function as an influencing one. This can explain the use of words with the good component in them.

A. T. Bolotov not only used complex words that already existed in the language in his articles, but also created new ones. An example of this can be found in the "Note on Husbandry in general":" All the production of agriculture and husbandry in our country is usually left to the peasants, and the landlord only tries to ensure that certain field work is carried out regularly." The house holder is absent both in the dictionary of the 4th issue of the XLR of the XI-XVII centuries, and in the dictionary of the 6th issue of the XLR of the XVIII century. This fact allows us to state that this complex word is an author's neologism. And the process of creating new words, especially terms, using this model was lively for the period under review.

At the same time, it should be noted how carefully Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov introduced new words into everyday life. His careful attitude to the Russian language, the desire not to clog up the speech with excessive formations extended to other writers and publicists. Thus, the critical review of A. T. Bolotov on the desire to create new complex words of the young writer P. Lvov at that time, which was manifested in his novel "Russian Pamela, or the Story of Maria, a Virtuous peasant Woman" (1789), has been preserved: "As for the courage of the writer to put here in his essay newly baked and in no small way even more extraordinary words, such as selfishness, egotistical, whitebeard, flute-player, chelopreklontsy, velikodumtsy, shchedrokhishchniki, and others like that; so in this case he is completely blameless, and it would be too early for him to impose such news on readers, but he should have been accredited more in advance in his writings" (Literary Heritage, Moscow, 1933, N 9-10).

In addition to these features, the style of scientific presentation of A. T. Bolotov in agronomic articles is also distinguished by the use of derived prepositions. Among them there are simple adverbs: instead of, except for, on the contrary, over; adverbial compounds: near to and patronymic compounds: in favor, in reasoning, in case. These prepositions are used to express: 1) relations of substitution-instead of buckwheat, instead of (former) disgust; 2) relations of deprivation, removal, restriction-in addition, in addition; 3) relations of measures, norms-in addition; 4) relations of conditions - in the case of an enterprise; 5) object-

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but-target relations-in favor of (rural) housing construction; 6) spatial relations-close to them; 7) causal relations - in the reasoning of arable farming; 8) concessional relations - on the contrary.

The most commonly used preposition in reasoning is that which means" as for before, with respect to someone or something " and occurs 23 times, which perfectly corresponds to the nature of a scientific presentation.

Being unambiguous, derived prepositions allowed A. T. Bolotov to most accurately express relations in context. The composition of derived prepositions and their semantic diversity indicate a stylistic innovation of the scientist and publicist, because most of the derived prepositions appeared in the second half of the Khush century. Further research will allow us to establish the authorship of many of them.

The morphological design of A. T. Bolotov's articles on agriculture also reflects the emerging process of destruction of M. V. Lomonosov's system of three styles due to the use of elements of different styles in one context.

For example, Andrey Timofeyevich used a large number of superlative adjectives in his publications na-eishy, - ayishy and-shiy, which M. V. Lomonosov in "Russian Grammar" recognized as a sign of "an important and high style, especially in verse" (Lomonosov M. V. Russian Grammar //Lomonosov M. V. Soch. SPb., 1898. Vol. 4.? 215). Among them, Bolotov, the publicist, gave special preference to the following: the most important, the most desired, the smallest, the most numerous, the most necessary, the most convenient, and also used: the most possible, the most skilful, the most reasonable, the fastest, the most capable, and others.

There are adjectives in the superlative form and with the prefix nai -, which enhances the manifestation of the sign: the greatest, the most important, the most diligent, the simplest. In addition, A. T. Bolotov tried to create compilative forms, such as the best, the worst, designed to express the utmost degree of quality, which again reflects his innovative trends in the field of language structure: "... it is known that in the best years it will not be born fourth...";".. wouldn't it be natural for the farmer to try to correct the worst of the land in advance?"

In addition to adjectives, we have noted some cases of using superlative forms of adverbs: best, nainadezh-neishe and others: "In my opinion, a rural housebuilder who wants to know the quality of his land will do the most reliable thing if he notices from the various experiments being undertaken."

Along with the word forms intended for high-style genres, A. T. Bolotov's agronomic articles contain morphological expressions of the following types:-

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gic forms of a low or simple syllable. An example is the use of verbs of multiple types-it used to be assigned, praised, seval, and others: "... it is noted that you can rob twice in this way..."; "...there is nothing to tell me about that."

The use of such verbs in scientific and journalistic texts reflects the process of structural convergence of styles that has emerged in the literary language as a whole, and not only in artistic and non-fiction genres. And Bolotov, the publicist, takes an active part in it.

".. .The complex and contradictory evolution of literary speech could not fit into the mainstream of three styles...", academician V. V. Vinogradov wrote about this time (Vinogradov V. V. Essays on the History of the Russian literary language of the XVII-XIX centuries, Moscow, 1982).

Thus, Andrey Timofeevich Bolotov, a well-known writer, memoirist, and scientist, has also done a lot in the field of scientific journalism, giving his articles a carefully verified, refined morphological design. His publications on agronomy reflect a constant search for new forms that can make the presentation not only convincing, but also expressive. Thanks to these qualities, Bolotov's articles in the Works of the Free Economic Society aroused the keenest interest among contemporaries and contributed to the development of the Russian national style of popular scientific presentation.

Tula


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