I got a call from a classmate who got an apartment near the Planernaya metro station.
-How should I say it-Glider station or Glider station? - he asked.
- Of course, "Glider", because glider is a French word, and the emphasis in it is on the last syllable. In the adjective, the place of stress is preserved.
My friend was quite satisfied with my answer, and I thought: so it's true, but why does everyone say glIder and call the station Glider, and not Glider? The modern "Orthoepical dictionary" allows the pronunciation of glIder along with the normative glidEr. But why did this incorrect pronouncing form spread?
Here's a plausible explanation.
Noun model: base + suffix-ep-used to form names of a person by their occupation: usher, boxer, bracker, ticket collector, elevator operator, kiosk operator, janitor, miner, clacker, and pod. And for the names of objects - various kinds of devices, mechanisms, machines-this model is almost never used. Among these names are common ones that have an unstressed ep complex in the final part: adapter, controller (a technical term, as opposed to the commonly used controller), tanker, drifter, buffer, bumper, crankcase, buzzer, toggle switch, mixer, skimmer, grader, printer, scanner, and pod.
The distribution of nouns in these two models is not absolute: there are exceptions in both groups; cf. confectioner, broker, trainer, sniper, sprinter, stayer, farmer - in the group of person names, balancer, trambler, tracer - in the group of device names. But we are talking about a trend, and it consists in the distribution of the two named groups of nouns according to two models. Change glider - > glider corresponds to this trend.
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* * *
In September 1999, in connection with the tragic events in Buinaksk, Moscow, and Volgodonsk - explosions of multi - storey residential buildings that resulted in the death of dozens of people-the chemical term RDX came into active use. He flashed on the pages of newspapers, on radio and television. This term refers to an explosive substance used in the production of explosive works, for the manufacture of explosive devices.
The spelling RDX caught my attention: why is there an " o " and not an "a" in the second syllable?
I open the Spelling Dictionary: yes, RDX. And in the "Polytechnic Dictionary", and in the "Big Encyclopedia" as well. Meanwhile, in the Russian language, the Greek morpheme hexa - (from Greek. hex "six", in compound words hexa ... "six..."), isolated in terms such as hexachloran, and hexachord. This morpheme is included in a number of similar ones corresponding to the names of other numerals of the ancient Greek language: tetra - " four... "(cf. tetralogy, tetracycline, tetrahedron, tetragonal), penta - "five..." (cf. Pentagon, pentagram, pentameter, pentathlon, pentachord), octa - "eight..." (cf. octahedron, ok-tapody), hepta - "seven..." (cf. heptachord, heptatonic). All these morphemes, as we can see, are written with the letter-a in the final part.
Where does hex0gen come from? The "dictionary" history of this term, apparently, is as follows. Initially, it was recorded in the "Polytechnic Dictionary", and the authors of this dictionary mistakenly interpreted the vowel in the second syllable of the term as a connective (as in Russian compound words like steamboat). The compilers of the Spelling Dictionary simply moved the term from the Polytechnic Dictionary, retaining its spelling, as they overly trusted specialists in the field of explosives. And when journalists needed to use this chemical term, which was completely unfamiliar to them until then, on the pages of newspapers, they consulted the Spelling Dictionary as the unquestionable authority on the spelling of all words used in the Russian language, and without any hesitation began to write and print RDX.
In the next edition of the Spelling Dictionary, this misspelling will be corrected and the only correct spelling of this term will be recommended: hex.
* * *
With the advent of the international computer network "Internet", it became possible to exchange messages not by regular mail, but by e-mail. First in the lexicon of "computer scientists",
page 41
and then, in the speech of other people, the English neologism e-mail appeared, which arose from the addition of the first letter of the adjective electronic "electronic" with the word mail "mail". At first, this new word for the Russian language was used in a "frozen" form - in Latin spelling and without leaning: "Exchange information using e-mail (cf.: using mail); "Can I send information via e-mail from your computer?? (cf. send information by mail). However, soon enough, computer users felt the need for grammatical adaptation of this term and began to say: I will send this by email; She received an email from NN yesterday; And you can send emails to your computer. accept? etc.
What should I do if I find it necessary to portray such statements on the email? Whether to keep the English term in its original spelling, that is, to write: e-mail? om, by e-mail? y, e-mail'y? Such a solution would be somewhat artificial: the term is already declining, that is, it has been mastered by the morphological system of the Russian language, and its appearance is foreign. Meanwhile, under normal conditions, a foreign word borrowed by another language is first of all formed by the graphic means of this language, and only then, for a more or less long time, it adapts to the phonetic and grammatical systems of the borrowing language.
In our case, it is quite reasonable to convey the word e-mail using graphic means of the Russian language. Which ones exactly? Here you need to make the following reservation. In recent decades, there has been a prevailing tendency to translate a foreign word according to its sound form, rather than to translate it letter - by - letter: compare with the 19th century, when, for example, the English "Ivangoe" - the name of the famous novel by Walter Scott-was rendered as Ivangoe, instead of the later Ivanhoe. Sending an English e - mail in Russian in accordance with its pronunciation in the source language should give the form email, and pronounce this word with a solid "m" eMAil.
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