As you know, one of the tasks of an explanatory dictionary is to reflect the stylistic stratification of the language's vocabulary. Currently, there are several methods used by dictionary authors to solve this problem. What are these methods?

The main lexicographic means of stylistic characterization of words are special (stylistic) dictionary marks, which are found in all explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language. However, each dictionary has its own set of these litters.

So, "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language" under the editorship of D. N. Ushakov (1935) - hereinafter TSU-offers such a system of litters: 1. Marks indicating the varieties of oral speech (razg., prostranen., fam., detsk., vulg., argo. shkoln., region.; 2. Marks indicating the varieties of written speech (knizhn., nauch., tech., spec., gazet., pub., kant., official., poet., nar. - poet.); 3 . Marks that establish a historical perspective in the words of a modern language (nov.- knizhn., starin., ustar.); 4. Marks to words denoting objects and concepts of alien life (istor., pre-revolutionary., zagr.); 5. Stylistic marks indicating expressive shades (expression) of words (Bran., iron., disapproval., shutl., disdain., disdain., reproach., torj., rhetor., euphemism.).

"Dictionary of the Russian Language" by S. I. Ozhegov - further CO-identifies the following marks that give a stylistic characteristic of words: book., high., official., razg., simple., region., contempt., disapproval., neglect., shutl., iron., bran.

"Dictionary of the Russian Language" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 4 volumes under the editorship of A.M. Evgenieva - further MAC-refers to stylistic: 1. Marks indicating the belonging of a word to various layers of the Russian language vocabulary (region, simple, rough. simple); 2. Litters indicating sti-

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dietary restriction of the use of words in the literary language (razg., knizhn. ofits. and ofits. - del., high., trad.- poet., folk poet.); 3. Litters indicating a special field of application of the word (Astr., bakt., bukhg., geol., zool. and others); 4. Litters indicating the emotional coloring of the word (bran., iron., shutl., neglect., contempt., disapprove, and honor); 5. The mark is outdated. to words that are out of use in modern Russian.

"Dictionary of the Modern Russian literary language" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 17 volumes - further BAS-accompanies the words with the following stylistic marks: razg., prostranen., obl., ustar., narodno-poet., shutl., iron., branno, ustar. byt.

At the same time, the litters of the same plan in different dictionaries may differ from each other. For example, stylistically elevated words and meanings in TSU are marked torj. and the rhetorician., and in the CO - litter is high.

Very often, stylistic marks for the same word (meaning of the word) do not match in different dictionaries. So, the word ammunition in TSU is given without any litter, in BAS it has a litter of military men. , in CO and MAC it is characterized as obsolete. The word dispute in SO and TSU has the mark bookish., in MAC-obsolete., and in BAS litter does not have.

The existing inconsistency and inconsistency in the use of stylistic litters have been repeatedly noted by linguists (V. P. Berkov, X. Casares, K. Ludwig, F. P. Sorokoletov, L. P. Stupin, F. P. Filin, L. V. Shcherba, I. L. Reznichenko, L. V. Boyko, O. A. Nesterova, G. F. Kuzmina, etc.): "Description of the stylistic approach to the use of stylistic litters. The word quality is represented in almost all existing dictionaries. However (...) this description, in comparison with the description of other properties of lexical units, is still characterized by a significantly lower degree of validity and order" (Boyko L. V. Stylistic value of the Russian word and its reflection in dictionaries, Moscow, 1991, p. 3).

Another means of stylistic characterization of vocabulary in dictionaries are remarks and various kinds of comments placed before the interpretation of words. For example: in tsarist Russia; in mathematics; in oral folk art; in Old Russian literature; in book speech, etc.

According to E. M. Vereshchagin and V. G. Kostomarov, it would be more correct to call such comments "non-systematic", "occasional" litters (see the article by E. M. Vereshchagin, V. G. Kostomarov "Occasional litters in the Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov "(On determining the place of non-equivalent vocabulary in modern Russian literature). Yazyk i kul'tura [Language and Culture]. Linguo-country studies in teaching Russian as a foreign language, Moscow, 1973, pp. 218-231).

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However, there is no unification in the use of such remarks and comments. Even within the same dictionary, stylistically homogeneous information is presented in different ways. Thus, the following historical commentaries are used to describe historicisms in CO: in tsarist Russia; in pre-revolutionary Russia; in Russia before the revolution; before the revolution, etc.

Another way of stylistic characterization of vocabulary in dictionaries is the interpretation itself. Thus, the word Decembrist in TSU and BAS has the mark istor., and in CO litter does not have, but is interpreted as historicism: "Decembrist-a member of the noble revolutionary liberation movement, which ended with the uprising of December 14, 1825."

In addition, reference definitions are often used as a means of indicating the stylistic features of the word being explained. For example, a tax collector in a CO is interpreted as the owner of a tax refund. Therefore, for a full understanding of the meaning (including stylistic) of this word, it is necessary to refer to the interpretation of the lexeme otkup (in Russia of the XIX century: a monopoly exclusive right to collect some state income from the population, granted to an individual for a monetary contribution from him to the state).

Sometimes dictionaries use several methods of stylistic characterization when describing a word at once. So, the tsarevich in CO is described as follows:: "Tsarevich (obsolete). - In tsarist Russia: the title of heir to the throne." In this case, both stylistic litters (obsolete) and historical commentary (in tsarist Russia) are used.

All this indicates the absence of a single concept of lexicographic stylistic description of the language, which is accepted by all (or most), and the need for further development of techniques and methods for distributing stylistic information in the space of a dictionary entry. Without this, it is impossible to solve the most important problem of lexicographic description of a language-its correspondence to real, live use.

Krasnoyarsk

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