Pushkin liked the way Walter Scott constructed his historical novels; he said that the Scottish novelist portrayed history in a " domestic way." Pushkin set out to show the Pugachev uprising not from an official point of view, but objectively; he wanted to understand the causes and roots of the uprising, express his opinion about it, introducing fictional characters into the work and intertwining their destinies with a real historical event. Pushkin did not accidentally turn to the memoir genre - "family notes". This form was the closest and most accessible to readers. It provided an opportunity to evaluate the narrator himself before seeing the Pugachev riot through his eyes. Grinev is a very honest and sincere person. He truthfully and ironically recalls his youth, his shortcomings, and does not consider himself a hero at all. That is why we believe Grinev's account of the Pugachev uprising, that it is described correctly and objectively. Morpheme-level units also help create this atmosphere of trusting and authentic storytelling.

In the story there are many nouns with the suffix-k -, which, "connecting with nouns, does not change their meaning, but gives them a colloquial coloring" (Kozhin A.M., Krylova O. A., Odintsovo V. V. Functional types of Russian speech. Moscow, 1982. p.120). Let us recall how Grinev first comes to the Belogorskaya Fortress: he enters a "clean room" with "splint pictures" hanging on the wall," an old woman in a jacket "unwinding " threads".

There are words with other colloquial suffixes: Belogorskaya fortress is "a village surrounded by a log fence", the commandant's family lives in a "wooden house", "next to the old woman" - Vasilisa Yegorovna - sits a "crooked old man" Ivan Ignatievich; the uryadnik "Maksimych"comes. The author calls Vasilisa Yegorovna "captain", "commandant". The colloquial style is colored by a diminutive affectionate emotional coloring in the suffixes-ik -, - ok -, - usk -, which emphasizes the kind, soft, calm relationship between the characters.

Interesting in the story is the opposition of proper names. "Pyotr Andreich", "Ivan Ignatiich", "Alexey Ivanych"- these names and patronymics with the colloquial suffixes-ich -, - yech-belong to officers; only-

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co by patronymic (with the same suffix) called representatives of the lower class - "Maksimych", "Savelich", " Antipyevna "(regardless of age). Young maids were called names with the suffix-k -, in this case having a hint of disdain: "The laundress Palashka, a fat and pockmarked girl, and the crooked cowshed Akulka once agreed to throw themselves at my mother's feet...". This opposition by class affiliation can be traced very clearly. But there is another, more important opposition for Pushkin.

Words with colloquial suffixes are most often found in the speech of the author-narrator; suffixes that combine a colloquial shade with a diminutive - affectionate-in the speech of Vasilisa Yegorovna, Captain Mironov, Savelyich. Shvabrin's speech is characterized by a bookish character, it contains foreign-language words, clerical expressions. But words with diminutive suffixes are pronounced by Shvabrin mockingly, with mockery, with a desire to offend the interlocutor. When Grinev read his love poems to Shvabrin, Shvabrin scornfully called them "rhymes" that reminded him of Trediakovsky's "love verses". Wanting to defame Masha in the eyes of Grinev, he advises him to act with her "not songs", instead of" rhymes " to give her a pair of earrings.

Such a clear juxtaposition of the characters ' speech at the morphemic level indicates the author's intention to create a semantic opposition: the educated metropolitan nobleman Shvabrin is a simple provincial nobility. The opposition "capital-province", as is often the case with Pushkin, also reflects the moral opposition: dishonor, evil, lack of spirituality - honor, good, mercy. The simplicity of the Grinev and Mironov families is simplicity that gives a clear moral position in the situation of choice, which for Pushkin (recall the epigraph "Take Care of your Honor from a young age") was the main pathos of the story. It is not for nothing that the Mironov and Grinev families, dear to Pushkin's heart, are close to ordinary people and soldiers, whom they rule strictly, but fairly, in a fatherly way, forming together with them a national community-the Russian people.

The whole story of Pushkin is surrounded by a special atmosphere of nationality. Most of the epigraphs to the chapters are borrowed from oral folk art, in these folk songs, proverbs there are many words with emotional assessment suffixes characteristic of these genres: "My side, my side, (...) And hmelinushka kabatskaya"; " Only the head served Two high posts, a maple crossbar, And a silk loop." In general, certain suffixes, for example, the suffix-usk - in the speech of Captain Mironov have a pronounced folklore character: "And do you hear, Vasilisa Yegorovna," Ivan Kuzmich answered, " I was busy with the service: I was teaching little soldiers." "To die is to die like this: it's a military matter!" In Vasilisa Yegorovna's speech, stylization under on-

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the native-poetic speech is especially noticeable: "You are my light, Ivan Kuzmich, a dashing soldier's head!".

The old folk character of the address is "old boy", "father", "mother". At the beginning of the story, the guide turns to Savelyich: "It's not your grief, old boy," said my tramp,"whether I get drunk or not." This appeal expresses the people's respect for the old man. But the meaning of the words father and mother is more complicated. In the Dictionary of V. I. Dahl we read: "Father-father (respect); respectfully and affectionately to any outsider. The senior in rank and title sometimes says "father" to the younger, making it clear that he condescends to him, but that, however, they are not equal." In the story, Grinev-the narrator calls his father exclusively "father", both referring to him and speaking about him in the third person. Savelyich refers to his young pupil as "Father Pyotr Andreich", "my father", but never calls him so behind his back. Vasilisa Yegorovna addresses Grinev as "my father". The Orenburg general, an elderly man, also says "father" to him. The insurgent Cossacks call Pugachev "our father". Thus, "father" is perhaps the most common address to a man in the story. It expresses both respect and reverence, and simplicity in communication regardless of age, and condescension.

In the Dictionary of V. I. Dahl, the word matushka says: "the same as a mother, a parent (laskat.); any woman in years; a priest's wife." Thanks to Pushkin's story, we learn that the meaning and use of this word was much broader: Grinev calls his mother respectfully and affectionately "mother"; Captain Mironov calls his soldier children to stand up for "mother empress"; Grinev's father calls Masha "mother", upset that she is leaving his family; finally, "mother" calls Masha.mother " calls Masha Anna Vlasyevna, who sheltered her in Tsarskoye Selo. The word mother is somewhat analogous to the word father, not only in the sense of the term kinship.

Another feature of word-forming suffixes of nouns in the story is their marking as units that signal signs of sentimentalism as a literary trend. They are connected with the image of Masha Mironova. The amorous Grinev-narrator expresses his tender, admiring attitude to Masha not only with the words "sweet", "kind", but also with words with a characteristic suffix:" lips"," voice "of Masha, her "svetlitsa", in which" lampadka "and" mirror " remained-all this can be considered a tribute to sentimentalism with its "sensitive", "pleasant" words.

The important semantic and stylistic role of suffixes in Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter" is reflected in the title of the story itself - from two derived words, suffixes in them have both semantic content and perform a stylistic task. Grammatically dominant is the word "daughter". The suffix-k-has an extension of-

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black color that stands out against the background of the neutral word "daughter":

"Shvabrin described Masha, the captain's daughter, to me as a perfect fool" - Grinev, the narrator, still not knowing Masha Mironova, treats her with prejudice, so for him she is "the captain's daughter", a stranger, unattractive person. The colloquial "daughter" creates the effect of bringing the narrator and reader closer to the character, the ease of a memoir narrative: "My love no longer seemed like an empty whim to my father; and my mother only wanted her Petrusha to marry the captain's sweet daughter." This is especially clear when compared with the official "Captain Mironov's daughter": "I know that you are not rich," she said (the Empress. - O. N.), - but I am in debt to the daughter of Captain Mironov."

The suffix-k - in the word daughter also has a diminutive-affectionate meaning, emphasizing the warmth of relations in the Mironov family. She also became a" sweet captain's daughter " for Grinev's parents. The word daughter also reflects the character of Masha Mironova, that is, it also performs a meaning-forming function at the level of the ideological content of the text. Masha is a "sensible and sensitive girl", she is gentle, meek, affectionate, blushes easily, faints, that is, has that weakness that affects a man's heart so much. And the opposition "Captain's daughter" and " Captain's daughter, Don't go for a walk at midnight..." allows us to characterize the moral properties of her nature, to emphasize that they do not correspond to what Shvabrin says about her.

Thus, the derived suffix word daughter, being directly compared in the text with the non-derived daughter, allows you to accurately and expressively emphasize the author's idea, testifies to the purposeful use of the richest semantic and expressive possibilities of Russian word formation.

The word "captain's" is also derived. The suffix of the relative adjective-sk-expresses a sign of kinship: Masha is the captain's daughter. But Pushkin needed to emphasize not only Masha's" belonging " to her father, but also the qualities of character inherited from him. Despite her sensitivity and gentleness, Masha shows courage and firmness of spirit when it comes to matters of honor or when it is necessary to save her lover. It is the combination of weakness and strength, meekness and activity, courtesy and firmness that makes Masha such an attractive, positive heroine in the eyes of the author and reader. This "multi-layered" content appears only in the attributive phrase "Captain's daughter"; it would be lost in the name "Captain's Daughter"or" Captain's Daughter". Therefore, it is almost impossible to translate the title of A. S. Pushkin's story into the languages of the analytical system: all the richness of content and stylistic labeling are lost.

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