Libmonster ID: SE-504
Author(s) of the publication: N. V. KHALIKOVA

In the Russian language there is a group of structurally identical phraseological units with the meaning of the highest intensity of the action attribute: at the top of my voice, at the top of my lungs, at the top of my lungs, at the top of my lungs, at the top of my lungs, at the top of my lungs, at the top of my lungs. The formal feature of this group is the generalizing component "all". Their use in colloquial speech and in a literary text implies the presence of an accompanying verb with a specific procedural meaning. Usually, the choice does not cause difficulties for a native speaker, a significant component of phraseology dictates the choice of the accompanying verb. For example: full width as a phraseological unit and as a free combination suggests a visual-perceptual situation - what is "in front of the eyes": "Now you could see the road in its full width, bales, shafts, chewing horses; on the other side another cross loomed indistinctly"

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(Chekhov. Steppe). The figurative component is accompanied by the verbs see, open, unfold, spread out.

At the top of your lungs, at the top of your throat, at the top of your voice, sound accompaniments suggest: shout, yell, yell. At full speed, at full speed, at full spirit are connected with the internal form of physical movement of a living being and escorts to run, rush, rush, etc.: "Berestov and stremyanny shouted at the top of their voices, let the dogs go and then galloped at full speed "(Pushkin. Young lady-peasant).

Phraseology moves the meanings of most of the accompanying words to the full extent into the mental sphere of the figure, and, according to dictionaries, divides them into two groups that are far away in semantics: 1) punish; 2) have fun, celebrate, fall in love, live (Mokienko V. M. Dictionary of Russian Phraseology. Historical and etymological reference book, St. Petersburg, 1998, p. 254). Its indefinite internal form is not related to the physical sensations of a person. The image has faded and therefore allows for a wide verbal compatibility.

The illustrative material shows that, despite the refusal to fix special dictionaries of accompanying words, phraseological units of this model tend to formally converge with any of the verbs (one or two close synonyms). So, at full speed, at full swing to jump (first of all, because a horse's running at a gallop is running at full speed or swing); to rush, to rush (Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language, Moscow, 1994, p. 446). In A. S. Pushkin we observe a synonym substitution: "They fly home at full speed on the shortest road" (Evgeny Onegin); Rush at full speed: "The wolf comes out on the road, scenting it, the road horse / snores - and the cautious traveler / Rushes up the mountain at full speed "(Pushkin. Eugene Onegin); run with all your might (Russian Semantic Dictionary / Shvedova, Moscow, 2000, vol. 1, p. 470); run at full speed, let go (Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu., p. 619).

Analysis of the speech material shows that two phraseological units of this structure have similar usage and seem at first glance to be participants in the language phraseological game of the late XIX-early XX century. This is in all the shoulder blades and in all Ivanovskaya. The structural-semantic identity-" to do something completely and completely", formed by the all component, is not motivated by the origin of expressions. The figurative phraseological situation of these units is noticeably different. For this reason, both expressions are in different semantic groups and placed in different synonym rows (Dictionary of Phraseological Synonyms / Edited by V. P. Zhukov, Moscow, 1987).

In all shoulder blades is included in the group of units with the value of fast movement in space: at full speed; at full speed; at full speed. The internal form of the phraseological unit is associated with the movement of living things.-

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properties: drive to all the shoulder blades, where the shoulder blade is "the pelvic bone, a triangular flat bone, on the ribs, on both sides of the ridge, to the corner of which the humerus of a person, the leg of an animal is suspended" (Dal V. I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. In 4 volumes, Moscow, 1994, Vol. II, p. 267). With the same accompaniment to drive phraseology is given in M. I. Mikhelson with the meaning "to run away with all your heart" (Mikhelson. Russian Thought and Speech, Moscow, 1994, vol. 1, p. 111). Illustrative material of phraseological dictionaries includes typical accompaniments to run, rush, run away, blow (simple), let go (Molotkov A. I. Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Phraseology, Moscow, 1986, p. 233). It is characteristic that all escorts indicate the direction of movement - "run from", as well as reel in fishing rods, sharpen your skis. According to etymological investigations, " the expression characterized the horse's running, when it jumps "in all its front legs", bringing them forward, and the movements of its shoulder blades are visible " (Shansky N. M. et al. Experience of the etymological dictionary of Russian phraseology, Moscow, 1987, p. 29).

The current state of the expression in all scapulae is not precisely determined. Does his form need a specific escort to drive, or a typical run away (run, rush, rush)! Is it possible to use a different semantics with co-authors, like the full-length phraseology?

In our opinion, it has a stable companion - a component of the lexical structure of the unit drive: drive to all the shoulder blades-about very fast running. Causative secondary formations to run away, run, rush, rush at full speed - the second type of use of phraseology in Russian speech with the same meaning. The extended companion of an expression is the entire group of verbs with the meaning of fast movement in space away from the observer.

Thus, in Russian speech, in our opinion, two forms of phraseology vary in all shoulder blades, due to two internal forms: 1) drive with all your might (about a horse); 2) run with all your might (about a person). Variation occurs within the semantic group of verbs of movement and can be considered normalized, typical for Russian speech. For this reason, the phenomenon of phraseological variation of these units is not recorded in special works (See: Melerovich A.M., Mokienko V. M. Phraseological units in Russian speech, Moscow, 1997, p. 383).

Let us turn to examples of the use of this expression in speech: "I now sit and work with all my might "( A. N. Ostrovsky - F. A. Burdin, 1868); "He suffered unbearably, tossed about, moaned, and I sat next to him for 2 and a half hours, scolding my medicine with all my might" (A. N. Ostrovsky-F. A. Burdin, 1868). P. Chekhov - M. V. Kiseleva. March 17, 1887); " The rain smacks in all directions

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shoulder blades. Br-r-r! Spring, where are you?" (A. P. Chekhov to N. A. Leikin. September 6, 1885); "I am glad to serve in all the shoulder blades, but I can't do anything with my tolkastics: you start inventing a signature, and the story comes out, or nothing comes out" (A. P. Chekhov - N. A. Leikin. March 22, 1884); "Five minutes later, the mother was at the scene and found Alexander roaring with all his shoulder blades and holding something in his mouth, behind his left cheek" (NP Chekhov. Around Chekhov); "She fed us perfectly, gave us excellent water, borrowed money to the full, and at the same time tormented us terribly" (Chekhov. Green braid). Scolding, serving, roaring, working, and borrowing money do not belong to the movement's process group. A phraseological unit with such a combination does not mean "quickly move", but "intensively, a lot, for a long time to do something". Replacing the guide leads to complete oblivion of the internal form. Ugliness makes you get closer to phraseological units to the fullest, on both crusts, on what the world is worth. Compare: "This period has come, well, love it with all your might" (Chekhov. Lucky guy). The above examples may indicate both the author's variation and the typical change in compatibility in speech at the end of the XIX century.

Phraseology throughout Ivanovo underwent the same path of development and was noticed by researchers: "Initially, the expression had the meaning" very loud (shout)". Over time, it has acquired new shades - " very strong (sound)", " very fast (move)", "intensely, with all the strength to do something". The etymology of turnover determines its use primarily with verbs of sound and speech. However, it can be used with other verbs" (Melerovich A.M., Mokienko V. M. Decree. work. p. 224). As in the previous case, in the whole of Ivanovo in the XIX century, it was usually associated with one or two escorts: to shout, to yell (Mikhelson, Vol. 1, p. 111; Shansky. Experience of the etymological dictionary of Russian phraseology, Moscow, 1987, p. 29).

The polysemantic nature of the internal form (the image of a bell ringing, images of fairy-tale heroes Ivanushka the fool, Ivan Tsarevich) almost immediately predetermined a wide range of verbal compatibility. In the middle of the XIX century, "ring at full swing" (bells) were used; jump, roll, carouse (Dal V. I. Tolkovyi slovar... Moscow, 1994. Vol. II. P. 5). The use of all Ivanovo is similar to the use of the expression to the fullest in the second meaning (the same celebrate, have fun, carouse etc.). For example: "Chekhov looked radiant, cheerful, although somewhat puzzled by the size of the "Ivanovo" success.<...>, Chekhov was praised in what is called "full Ivanovskaya", and the host himself, raising a glass in honor of Chekhov, at the end of the toast equated Chekhov's "Ivanov" with Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit"" (I. L. Shcheglov/ A. P. Chekhov. Letters, vol. 3, p. 588).

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In this regard, such examples of usage as: "We had seven degrees of heat at night on the third day and the larks sang all over Ivanovo-and today it's ten degrees of frost" do not look individually authorial (I. S. Turgenev - P. V. Annenkov. March 14, 1885); "The sun is shining all over Ivanovskaya and the birches are puffy, although three stations ago even the buds on the birches did not crack" (A. P. Chekhov - M. P. Chekhov. May 28, 1890);" In any case, throughout the whole of Ivanovo, we will try to make your life as bright and comfortable as possible " (Chekhov to A. N. Pleshcheyev. April 17, 1888); " I printed out all over Ivanovskaya, the editors are accepted without viewing and their pseudonym "Ariston" was removed " (S. A. Yesenin).

Free compatibility is also found in literary sources, for example: "On the tenth of May, I took a leave of absence for 28 days, begged our treasurer for a hundred rubles in advance, and decided at all costs to 'live', to live all over Ivanovskaya, so that later on for ten years I could live on nothing but memories " (Chekhov. From the memoirs of an idealist).

From all that has been said, it follows that all phraseological units united by the meaning "in full force" have the widest compatibility in modern speech. Their use is dictated by the quality of imagery of a particular semantic reference component. If it is capable of creating a figurative phraseological situation, such as full throat, full swing, full width, then verb compatibility remains traditional and does not tend to expand and go beyond the semantics determined by the component: sound, movement, spatial arrangement... On the contrary, if the substantive component, which, as a rule, has no relation to the physical and mental sensations of a person, loses its supporting properties and the sound complex is perceived as ugly, then when used, the phraseological unit tends to fill in the lack of imagery at the expense of verbal semantics. This is what happens with phraseological units to the fullest, in all Ivanovo.

The same process of erasing the internal form has undergone in the XX century phraseology to drive in all shoulder blades, as a result of which it no longer needs specific accompaniments. Any verb that names a simple physical action of an animate (or personified) subject or its state, a complex multicomponent process or state (work, fall in love), in modern Russian leads to the appearance of a phraseological combination of a usual, rather than an occasional character.


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N. V. KHALIKOVA, WHAT DO THEY DO "IN ALL SHOVELS" AND"IN ALL IVANOVSKAYA"? // Stockholm: Swedish Digital Library (LIBRARY.SE). Updated: 25.07.2024. URL: https://library.se/m/articles/view/WHAT-DO-THEY-DO-IN-ALL-SHOVELS-AND-IN-ALL-IVANOVSKAYA (date of access: 14.11.2024).

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