Soviet reality for more than 70 years has brought to the language life, in addition to numerous lexemes, a large number of idioms and periphrases, many of which had a pronounced "ideological premium". They were called Sovietisms, which were understood as units that represented "a kind of chronicle of a new life", capturing "new social relations, stages of our struggle, creative work and victories of the Soviet people" (I. F. Protchenko).

We have attempted to describe idioms and periphrases-Sovietisms-from the point of view of modern language consciousness. The source for the analysis is the data of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of the Soviet Department by V. M. Mokienko and T. G. Nikitina (St. Petersburg, 1998), from which we extracted about 200 ambiguous ideologemes with a worldview attitude, created mainly by official propaganda, its harsh pressure and implemented through journalism. The purpose of such phraseological units is to form an ideologized socialist picture of the world with their help. Their official journalistic background "should have been perceived as the norm of language, and heroism and monumentalism as the norm of life "(Mokienko V. M., Nikitina T. G. Decree. Dictionary).

Thematically, these phrases can be presented in the following form: The Party is our helmsman; Komsomol and Pioneria are the children of the party; It is good to live in a Soviet country; The work of Soviet people; The Struggle for peace and socialist ideology; Decaying capitalism; The Machinations of the enemies of peace, etc.

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The following definition of idioms is generally accepted: These are units that have the property that their values are indecomposable into the values of units that are isolated in their formal structure, and, of course, that the meaning of the whole is irreducible to the values of parts in a given structural and semantic connection (V. N. Telia). These include: guiding star-about the Marxist-Leninist theory, the program of the CPSU; grandsons of the revolution - the young generation of the Land of Soviets; Trudovaya gvardiya - about class-conscious, advanced workers; the most advanced class - the proletariat; veliky pochin-the figurative name of communist subbotniks, etc.

The Soviet era gave birth to a lot of periphrases-phraseological units: the leader of the world proletariat, the leader of the world labor movement, etc. - about V. I. Lenin; the seer of our victories, knights without fear and reproach - about V. I. Lenin and F. E. Dzerzhinsky, etc.

Phraseological units in the broad sense of the word we recognize proverbial expressions: In the collective farm period, life went uphill, the word Party is the basis for all things, Water boils on fire, and young people are on virgin land, the word party flies without wings, etc. book coloring: labor landing, socialist realism, Red Guard, power of the Soviets, school of scientific communism, etc.

Most of the phraseological units under consideration had a bright expressive and stylistic coloring. Some of them were used with a high, pathetic connotation (class brothers-about the proletariat or communists of foreign countries, faith in a bright future - about confidence in the victory of communism, the highest public good-communism, the dynasty of labor - about the working class), others, which characterized the world of capital, were introduced into public consciousness with a reduced, derogatory color (shoulder makers, knights of the cloak and dagger, quiet Americans - about US CIA agents, dogs of war-mercenary soldiers, Uncle Sam - the nickname of capitalists and the US ruling elite, enemy voice - a Western radio station that conducts anti-Soviet propaganda, etc.).

They also had negative and disapproving expressions related to Soviet reality: bourgeois prejudices, the yellow devil-about money and gold, which enslave people, become objects of worship, about profit, greed, etc.

The body of phraseological units with a positive rating in quantitative terms significantly exceeds the corresponding body of composite units with a negative color, since it was with the help of the former that the advantage of the Soviet system over capitalist reality was introduced into the consciousness of Soviet people.

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Currently perceived lexical and phraseological Sovietisms make it possible to judge the hypertrophied ideologization of all spheres of life of Soviet people and at the same time see their (Sovietisms) post-Soviet fate, the functioning of many of them in a new quality, with changed connotations (changing the plus sign to the opposite sign in the assessment of designated phenomena and vice versa), structural and semantic transformations and even the development of jargon semantics in them.

It should also be said that some of the stable phrases born of Soviet reality passed into the category of historicisms already in the pre-Perestroika period, while others have faded and deactualized before our eyes. Compare the definition of the phrase White Guard in S. I. Ozhegov's Dictionary of the Russian Language (Moscow, 1984, p. 110): "The general name of counter-revolutionary troops in the civil War". In the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov and N. Y. Shvedova (Moscow, 1994, P. 123), the definition is given (clarified) by N. Y. Shvedova: "The White Guard - during the Civil War: a common name for Russian military formations that fought for the restoration of legitimate power in Russia." We will also give here the definition of a derivative formation from the white Guard: belogvardeets. In the Dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov (1984, p. 39): "A White Guardsman - a counter-revolutionary, an enemy of Soviet power, who fought against it in the ranks of the White Guard" and in the " Russian Semantic Dictionary "(edited by N. Yu. Shvedova; Moscow, 2000, Vol. 1, P. 274): "A White Guardsman. During the Civil War: a member of the White Guard-Russian military formations that fought for the restoration of legitimate power in Russia."

Volgograd

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