As a result of the powerful rise of the national liberation movement and the collapse of the colonial system in the mid-twentieth century. first in Asia, and then in Africa, dozens of new states emerged. There have been radical changes in their political structures, economic basis, and development of national cultures. Young states have become active subjects of international relations and world economic relations. The creation of national research centers and scientific schools in the liberated countries, which are interested in revising the ancient history of their peoples, their rich culture, as well as the possibility of access to state archives, prompted Soviet scientists of the classical cycle of orientalism to study the works of their Asian - African colleagues in depth. The conquest of sovereignty by former colonial countries and the democratic changes that took place in the USSR at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century created conditions for systematic scientific trips of Soviet scientists to the Afro-Asian countries they studied, as well as their contacts with orientalist scientists from these countries, Western Europe and America. For the first time, field studies were conducted in the countries of the East. In our country, interest in the East has sharply increased. Dozens of friendship societies with Asian and African countries were established. All this required changes in the organization and content of the work of Soviet Orientalists. In 1953, Alexander A. Guber, a well - known expert on the modern and contemporary history of the East, was appointed Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies. He was an authoritative scientist and an outstanding organizer of science. Perhaps A. A. Guber, like no other, personified the Moscow school of Russian Oriental studies in the mid-20th century. In the same year, he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (in 1966, he will become an academician) .1 A. A. Huber beg ... Read more